Meet the Authors of Proverbs 31
King Lemuel
Background and Identity: King Lemuel's name means "devoted to God" or "belonging to God." He is an obscure figure in the Bible, mentioned only in Proverbs 31, with some traditions speculating that he might have been a foreign ruler who adopted Israelite wisdom traditions.
Profession: Lemuel was a king, dedicated to leading with wisdom, justice, and integrity.
Companion: Lemuel's primary companion and advisor was his mother, who provided him with wise counsel and guidance, recorded in Proverbs 31:1-9. Some suggest she may have been Bathsheba, making Lemuel possibly King Solomon, but this is speculative.
Gentle Background: Lemuel's background is not extensively detailed, but his mother gave him a vision or oracle, including advice on leadership, justice, and avoiding vices. This upbringing emphasized righteousness and moral integrity.
Authorship: Lemuel is credited with Proverbs 31:1-9, capturing the wisdom imparted by his mother. This section offers guidance on leadership qualities, avoiding vices, and the importance of upholding justice and righteousness.
Writing Style and Contributions: Lemuel's writing style is direct, instructional, and reflective of maternal wisdom. His teachings emphasize justice, responsibility, and the value of maternal guidance in shaping wise rulers. He warns against indulgence in behaviors that impair judgment, highlighting the role of clear and moral leadership.
The Virtuous Woman
Background and Identity: The virtuous woman passage (Proverbs 31:10-31) is an acrostic poem written by an unknown author, celebrating the qualities of a virtuous wife. The acrostic form underscores the completeness and perfection of her character.
Authorship: This part of Proverbs is attributed to an unknown author and describes the ideal qualities of a virtuous woman using the Hebrew alphabet.
Writing Style and Contributions: The writing style is poetic, structured as an acrostic, and rich in imagery and detail. The virtuous woman is depicted as industrious, wise, and compassionate, managing her household with skill and efficiency. She is wise and God-fearing, extending her hand to the poor and needy. Her support for her husband and positive influence on her household are emphasized, illustrating her vital role within the family and community.